miércoles, 27 de abril de 2011

El spanglish

El spanglish es la fusión del español con el inglés. El spanglish se caracteriza por una mezcla del castellano y el inglés a varios niveles lingüísticos (morfológico, fonético, sintáctico, semántico), en distinto grado y forma según la comunidad concreta que lo emplee. Es un fenómeno lingüístico similar al llanito utilizado en Gibraltar. Suele confundirse con el uso de anglicismos en español. Este idioma híbrido no es de uso oficial, sino de uso coloquial.

También es típica del spanglish la confusión de significados entre palabras castellanas y otras inglesas que suenan de forma parecida (falsos amigos). Un ejemplo de esto sería la frase «vacunar la carpeta» (del inglés, vacuum the carpet) en lugar de «aspirar (el polvo de) la alfombra». Se confunde asimismo la pronunciación, por ejemplo, «Soy bilingual; no tengo acento».


In un placete de la Mancha of which nombre no quiero remembrearme, vivía, not so long ago, uno de esos gentlemen who always tienen una lanza in the rack, una buckler antigua, a skinny caballo y un grayhound para el chase. A cazuela with más beef than mutón, carne choppeada para la dinner, un omelet pa’ los sábados, lentil pa’ los viernes, y algún pigeon como delicacy especial pa’ los domingos, consumían tres cuarers de su income.
Malo vendra que bueno me hara.
Chorre abiyard sos fend6 nu aquerard.
Digase el milagro y callese el santo.
?enese or zibo ta maquelese or manjar6.
Lo que se aprende en la cuna, siempre dura ..
o sos se trejena on a ovi!, delt6 sorayl:
Lo que no tengas que comer dejalo cocer.
o sus ne terelar eJamar meca e perjuchar.
Donde muere una ilusi6n, siempre nace una esperanza.
Duque mule yequfjendinl: delt6 pupela yequi ujaripen.
El que no tiene memoria, que tenga pies.
o sos ne abela enjaye. presas abeles pin res.
La carne sobre el hueso reIumbra como espejo.
A brinzd opre or cocale embleja sato berber.
Quien se viste de mal paTIO,dos veces se viste al ano.
Coin se talara e chan penipen, duis chumis se talara a or breje.
EI ana seco tras el mojado, guard a la lana y vende el hilado.
Or hreje jair6 palal or jorrodao. garaba a jorpoy .II bisna or nafrao.
Del agua vertida, alguna recogida.
Dol' paM hutanf, arrohind cormunl:
:Vlientras se gana algo, no se pierde nada ..
Mirindd se ganisara buch(, ne se palma chi.
A mala manera, cortarle las piernas.
Achorn' bedd. chinaI' 0 as jenas.
EI vivir es sufir.
Or apuchelar sin urguinar.
Dinero olvidado. no hace merced ni grado.
Giieltre chanorg6, na querela furune ne pesquil6.
1-:1que da primero, da dos veces.
Or sos dina . brotob6, dina duzs chir6s.
Lo que es bueno para el higado es malo para el bazo.
o sas sin har6 somid or buc6 sin nasal6 somia ar chasav6.
Cad a maestrillo tiene su librillo.
Cata duquendiy6 a,'Jela sun gascoti.1la.
Si quieres ver a un gitano trabajar, metelo en un pajar.
I'nqd jelas dicar currelar a yes calomi. 0 chibelas an yes ban;an;.
Ojos que bien se quieren se saludan de Irios.
Clisos sos mista se camelan se saluJisan de duro
Cad~l uno es hijo de sus obras.
Cata yeque sin chavor6 e desqueris troecanes.
Sirve al senor noble. aunque sea pobre.
Archaba al tinUn erana. ansas sina chorora.
Amor de nino. agua en cestillo.
Jelen e chab6. pani an carnicho.
Sol de invierno. sale tarde y se pone presto.
Orcdn e chaom6, sicaba tasatd 1/ Sf' chiha sil/';
A palabras necias, orejas sordas.
A vurdds liYIS. gertas cujacaz:~.

Hipervizcaino


El hipervizcaíno fue una tendencia lingüística de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, cuando fue publicada la primera gramática del vizcaíno por Juan Mateo Zabala. Sus teorías dieron como resultado un intento de querer subrayar en todo lo posible las diferencias del vizcaíno respecto al resto de los dialectos. Para ello, los defensores de esta tendencia dieron los siguientes pasos:

Resucitar los arcaísmos del euskera antiguo, siempre que estos se alejaran del vasco común.
Fortalecer las particularidades del dialecto en cuestión, siendo las palabras nahi y gura (querer) los ejemplos más claros. Nahi es común a todas las variedades del euskera, incluyendo el euskera hablado en Vizcaya, pero los escritores defensores de esta tendencia reforzaron el uso del sinónimo gura (del lat. gula(m)) por considerarla la forma "castiza" u originaria del vizcaíno. Aplicaron el mismo criterio en el caso de la flexión verbal y la sintaxis.
Reforzaron el uso de los localismos e innovaciones regionales para evitar en lo posible las formas comunes que, según ellos, habían sido "tomadas" o "contagiadas" del euskera guipuzcoano. Mas tarde con el aranismo se crearon muchos neologismos con el fin eliminar los erderismos de estos muy pocos sobrevivieron.

Variantes puristas parecidas sufrieron el Islandes, el noruego y el ingles, comparese.

ANGLISH
1.In the beginning, God made heaven and earth.
2.Now the earth was empty and shapeless, and darkness was spread over the deep. God's breath fared over the waters.
3.God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.
4.God saw the light, and that the light was good. God sundered the light from the darkness.
5.God called the light 'day', and the darkness 'night'. The evening and the night were the first day.
6.God said, "Let there be a growth midst the waters, and let it cleave the waters from the waters."
7.God made the growth, and cleft the waters that were beneath it from those that were above it. And it was so.
8.God called the growth "heaven". The evening and the night were the next day.
9.God said, "Let the waters under the heaven gather together, and let dry land be seen," and it was so.
10.God called the dry land 'earth', and the gathering of water he named 'sea': and God saw that it was good.
11.God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, and the grass yielding seed, and the apple tree bearing apples after its kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth". And it was so.
12.The earth brought forth grass, and the grass yielding seed after its kind, and the tree bearing apples, whose seed is in itself, after its kind: and God saw that it was good.
13.The evening and the morning were the third day.
14.God said, "Let there be lights in the growth of the heaven to cleave the day from the night; and let them be for markers, and for tides, and for days, and years:
15.And let them be for lights in the growth of the heaven to give light upon the earth". And it was so.
16.God made two great lights; the greater light to be lord of the day, and the lesser light to be lord of the night: he made the stars also.
17.And God set them in the growth of the heaven to give light upon the earth,
18.And to be lord of the day and of the night, and to cleave the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
19.The evening and the morning were the fourth day.
20.God said, "Let the waters teem with living things, and let fowl be in flight above the earth."
21.And God made great whales, and every living thing, which the waters brought forth teemingly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good
22.And God blessed them, saying," be many, blossom, and bring forth teemingly, and fill the waters in the seas, and let the fowls become many on the earth."
23.So the evening and the morning were the fifth day.
24.Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the living thing after its kind: livestock and creeping thing and wight of the earth, each after its kind", and it was so.
25.And God made the wight of the earth after its kind, livestock after its kind, and everything that creeps on the earth after its kind. And God saw that it was good.
26.Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our wholeness, after Our truth; let them be master over the fish of the sea, over every winged fowl flying above the earth, and over every living thing that creeps on the earth."
27.So God made man in His own wholeness; in the wholeness of God He made them; man and woman. He made them.
28.Then God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and bring forth manifoldly; fill the earth and wield your might over it; be master over the fish of the sea, over every winged fowl flying above the earth, and over every living thing that stirs on the earth,"
29.And God said, "See I have given you every grass that yields seed which is on the topside of the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be food.
30.Also, to every wight of the earth, to every winged fowl flying above the earth, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which, there is life, I have given every green grass for food ", and it was so.
31.Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. So the evening and the morning were the sixth day.

ENGLISH

1 In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. 2 The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 And God saw that the light was good. And God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day.

6 And God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” 7 And God made the expanse and separated the waters that were under the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse. And it was so. 8 And God called the expanse Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, the second day.

9 And God said, “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry land Earth, and the waters that were gathered together he called Seas. And God saw that it was good.

11 And God said, “Let the earth sprout vegetation, plants yielding seed, and fruit trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind, on the earth.” And it was so. 12 The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, the third day.

14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night. And let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth.” And it was so. 16 And God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars. 17 And God set them in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth, 18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day.

20 And God said, “Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the heavens.” 21 So God created the great sea creatures and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarm, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 And God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” 23 And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day.

24 And God said, “Let the earth bring forth living creatures according to their kinds—livestock and creeping things and beasts of the earth according to their kinds.” And it was so. 25 And God made the beasts of the earth according to their kinds and the livestock according to their kinds, and everything that creeps on the ground according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.

26 Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

27 So God created man in his own image,
in the image of God he created him;
male and female he created them.

28 And God blessed them. And God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth.” 29 And God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food. 30 And to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the heavens and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.



martes, 26 de abril de 2011

Biblia en romani


Los gitanos siempre han sido creyentes, su fuerte vinculación al mundo espiritual domina su creencia ancestral hacia un Dios único protector cercano a sus necesidades. Su religión se ha ido adaptando a la religión de los lugares por donde iban pasando. Se conoce poco del proceso de su conversión al catolicismo pero sí podemos asegurar que no tienen una religión propia. En la actualidad hay una masiva "conversión" a la Iglesia Evangélica.
En este mundo espiritual ocupan un lugar primordial los muertos, con quienes se mantiene un gran respeto (se demuestra con los lutos rigurosos que llevan las familias) y una estrecha relación.

Puede leerse el Nuevo Testamento en romani en esta webhttp://www.jesus.org.uk/bible/Romani+NT

arabe


El arabe es una lengua de origen semitico que hablan mas de 300 millones de personas. Fue codificada par los gramaticos en el siglo VIII y ha continuado casi inalterable hasta hoy en dia, ya que es la lengua del Coran, el libro sagrado del Islam. El arabe clasico 0 literario es una lengua culta que se utiliza en el ambito religioso y literario, por regia general escrita, y que tiene que ser estudiada. A su lado conviven dialectos que son hablados en los diversos paises arabes.



Runasimi del Chimborazo

El Chimborazo, en la sierra ecuatoriana, es la provincia andina con mayor numero de niños y adolescentes indigenas. Estos, por su condicion, ven amenazados constantemente sus derechos humanos y sociales. Hay un proyecto que pretende romper esa espiral ofreciendoles una educacion intercultural bilingue de calidad que les permita preservar su identidad, promover la equidad y darles la oportunidad de un desarrollo socia-cultural y economico propio, antes negado.
En las parroquias de los Cantones de Riobamba y Guamote, se llevara adelante esta propuesta educativa. La Diocesis de Riobamba, ha mostrado su voluntad institucional de acompanar a estas comunidades en la mejora de la educacion intercultural y bilingue, principalmente de las condiciones en las cuales se desarrollan los procesos educativos, la calidad de la formacion docente y la innovacion educativa, todo ello bajo un enfoque intercultural.

1 SAN LUCAS HUILLASHCAMI
EL SANTO EVANGELIO SEGÚN SAN LUCAS


Teofiloman Lucas quillcashcamanta
1 Cai ñucanchic llactapi imalla tucushcacunataca, ñucanchicpuramanta achca uyaccanami callarimanta quillcasha nicurcacuna.
1 Muchas personas han tratado de escribir en orden la historia de las cosas que pasaron entre nosotros,
2 Chai tucui imalla tucushcata callarimanta quiquin ñahuihuan ricushpa, alli huillaita huillashpa puriccunami, ñucanchicmanca alli yachachircacuna.
2 tal y como nos las enseñaron los que las vieron desde el comienzo, y que ayudaron en la predicación del mensaje.
3 Ñucanchic alli nishca Teofilolla, ñucapish tucui chaicunata callarimanta alli tapushpa chashnatac cashcata yachashpami, canman parlanaca alli cacpi, tucui ima tucushcataca sumacta quillcashpa yachachini.
3 Yo también lo he investigado todo con cuidado desde el principio, y me parece bien escribirte estas cosas en orden, muy estimado Teófilo,
4 Canman yachachishcacunaca allita cashcata ashtahuan alli yachachun nishpami, quillcashpa cachani.
4 para que conozcas bien la verdad de lo que te han enseñado.
Bautizac Juan huacharinata ángel huillashcamanta
Un ángel anuncia el nacimiento de Juan el Bautista
5 Judea llactata jatun mandac Herodes mandacui punzhacunapimi, Zacarías curapish causarca. Chai curaca ñaupa Abías curacunapurami carca. Zacariaspac huarmica Elisabetmi carca. Paipish Aarón curapac huahua huahuami carca.
5 Cuando Herodes era rey de Judea vivia un sacerdote que era del grupo de Abias su esposa se llamaba Elisabet y era también descendiente del sacerdote Aarón.
6 Paicunaca cusandic huarmindictac Diospac ñaupapi alli causaccunami carca. Pipish mana imata juchanchipac, Dios mandashcacunatapish, yachachishcacunatapish tucuita alli pactachiccunami carca.
6 Los dos eran justos delante de Dios y obedecían los mandatos y leyes del Señor, de tal manera que nadie les podía culpar de nada.
7 Elisabetca huahuata charisha nishpapish, manatac charircachu. Chaimantami huahua illaclla carcacuna. Ña yuyaccunapishmi carcacuna.
7 Pero no tenían hijos, porque Elisabet no podía tenerlos, y además, los dos eran ya muy ancianos.
8 Chai punzhacunapimi, Zacarías curacunapuramanta Diosman mañana huasipi Diospacta ruhuana pactarca,
8 Un día, cuando le correspondió al grupo de Zacarías el turno de oficiar como sacerdotes delante de Dios,
9 Curacuna ruhuac cashca shinallatac. Diosman mañana huasipi ruhuangapac suerteta shitacpica, Diospaclla cac ucuman yaicushpa altarpi inciensota rupachinaca Zacariasmanmi urmarca.
9 según era costumbre entre los sacerdotes, le tocó a Zacarías, por sorteo, entrar en el santuario del templo del Señor para quemar incienso.
10 Chaimanta pai inciensota rupachicucpica, canzhapi cac tucui gentecunaca Taita Diosmanmi mañacurcacuna.
10 Mientras se quemaba el incienso, toda la gente estaba orando afuera.

Dariya

La situacion linguistica de Marruecos, es compleja. Esta complejidad viene determinada por la situacion diglosica es decir, por la coexistencia, de dos lenguas del mismo origen: el arabe clasico y el arabe marroqui (dariya) que se reparten el abanico de funciones, de modo que, la primera es la lengua escrita que sirve de referencia y que es comun a todos los paises arabes y, la segunda es la variedad vernacula hablada en cada pais, Marruecos en este caso, cuyo registro es el oral, que cubre las funciones de la comunicacion cotidiana.